one plus one two

· mental math

Squaring numbers that end in 5

Take the digits before the 5, multiply them by the next whole number, and write 25 after the result.

35²  →  3 × 4 = 12  →  1225
85²  →  8 × 9 = 72  →  7225
115² → 11 × 12 = 132 → 13225

Why it works

A number ending in 5 is 10n + 5. Its square is

(10n + 5)² = 100n² + 100n + 25 = 100·n(n + 1) + 25

So the hundreds and above are always n(n + 1), and the last two digits are always 25.

A cousin of the trick

The same algebra works for any two numbers with the same tens digit whose last digits add to ten: 43 × 47 is 4 × 5 = 20, then 3 × 7 = 21, giving 2021.